By far, no other form of smoking cessation therapy has received as much advertising and attention as has “the patch.” Although there are only three major products that employ a transdermal patch, the treatment is the centerpiece of a multi-million dollar annual industry and the most popular form of nicotine replacement therapy (NTR) in use today.

The nicotine patch works by delivering small, controlled doses of nicotine into the bloodstream, but without all of the other toxic and dangerous chemicals present in cigarette smoke. The patch first was approved for use by prescription in the United States for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1992. The FDA later approved forms of the patch for over-the-counter sale in 1996.

Developed At UCLA

The patch was developed at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) by Murray E. Jarvik , professor emeritus of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences, with researchers Jed and Kace Rose. The university lists the accomplishment as one of the top 15 discoveries made by faculty members, on the list with several Noble Prize winners.

The patch looks just like a square, thin bandage. Coming in various dosages, the tan patch is applied to the skin on a spot without hair in the morning and is worn all day. It is removed before bed each night. Since the patch provides periodic doses of nicotine into the system, it is advised not to wear it at night since its use can produce vivid dreams.

Besides tan, newer versions of the patch come made from a clear material to make them less visible. A week’s supply of the patches runs to about $30, but as the therapy progresses, some brands advise cutting the patch into smaller portions. Some who use the patch save the leftovers and fashion smaller patches with them as part of the step-down therapy, reducing the cost.

Dosage

The patch comes in various different dosage strengths, with 21milligrams (mg) nicotine in the product being the highest. The 21 mg patch is recommended as a starting point for people who smoke a pack of 20 cigarettes or more daily. After that, the user steps down gradually to lower dose patches. The final step is to step down to no patch.

Possible side effects include itching, burning, or tingling where the patch is applied, a result of nicotine coming in contact with the skin. After removing the patch, the skin could be red for up to a day. Users should consult their doctor if a rash develops, or if the area becomes swollen or very red.

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